{"id":173,"date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resourcesnew\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T08:10:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T08:10:11","slug":"sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms","status":"publish","type":"resources","link":"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Sign Windows Binaries Using AWS KMS &#038; AWS Signer (Step-by-Step Guide)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-wrap-right counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Understanding_Windows_Code_Signing_in_AWS\" >Understanding Windows Code Signing in AWS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Architecture_How_AWS_Signer_Uses_KMS\" >Architecture: How AWS Signer Uses KMS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Prerequisites\" >Prerequisites<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Step-by-Step_Signing_Windows_Binaries_with_AWS_Signer\" >Step-by-Step: Signing Windows Binaries with AWS Signer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Verifying_the_Signature_on_Windows\" >Verifying the Signature on Windows<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#CICD_Integration_Examples\" >CI\/CD Integration Examples<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Troubleshooting_Common_Issues\" >Troubleshooting Common Issues<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#IAM_Policies_Required\" >IAM Policies Required<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Best_Practices_for_Secure_Code_Signing\" >Best Practices for Secure Code Signing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/codesigncert.com\/resources\/sign-windows-binaries-using-aws-kms\/#Closing_Thoughts\" >Closing Thoughts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 mb-3 p-2\">\n<p>\n    Code signing is a non-negotiable requirement for distributing Windows executables. Whether you&#8217;re publishing an installer,<br \/>\n    distributing internal enterprise tools, or deploying signed binaries for CI\/CD, Windows requires Authenticode signatures<br \/>\n    to establish trust and prevent tampering.\n  <\/p>\n<p>\n    But traditional code-signing workflows come with a major challenge:<br \/>\n    your private key must remain secure \u2014 yet legacy signing tools require storing a PFX file on build servers.\n  <\/p>\n<p>\n    This is where AWS KMS + AWS Signer gives you a modern, cloud-secure way to sign Windows binaries without ever exposing your private key.\n  <\/p>\n<p>In this detailed guide, you\u2019ll learn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How AWS Signer works with KMS<\/li>\n<li>How to prepare a signing certificate<\/li>\n<li>How to create a signing profile<\/li>\n<li>How to sign a Windows binary (EXE\/MSI) end-to-end<\/li>\n<li>How to verify the signature on Windows<\/li>\n<li>CI\/CD examples for GitHub Actions &amp; CodeBuild<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let\u2019s dive in.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_Windows_Code_Signing_in_AWS\"><\/span>Understanding Windows Code Signing in AWS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To sign a Windows binary, you need:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A private key \u2013 used to generate the digital signature<\/li>\n<li>A signing certificate \u2013 identifies your organization<\/li>\n<li>A timestamp \u2013 preserves validity after certificate expiration<\/li>\n<li>A tool that produces an Authenticode signature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>AWS solves this with two services:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-bordered mb-3\">\n<thead class=\"table-dark\">\n<tr>\n<th>Need<\/th>\n<th>AWS Service<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Secure, non-exportable private key<\/td>\n<td>AWS KMS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Managed code signing workflow<\/td>\n<td>AWS Signer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n    AWS Signer creates a signing job, signs the binary, and returns a fully signed Windows executable\u2014no crypto engineering needed.\n  <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Architecture_How_AWS_Signer_Uses_KMS\"><\/span>Architecture: How AWS Signer Uses KMS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here\u2019s the simplified flow:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Developer \/ CI\r\n     |\r\n     | Upload unsigned.exe to S3\r\n     v\r\nAWS Signer  ----&gt; KMS private key (non-exportable)\r\n     |\r\n     | Produces Authenticode signature\r\n     v\r\nSigned.exe \u2192 Output S3 bucket\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>You never access the private key \u2014 only AWS Signer calls KMS internally.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prerequisites\"><\/span>Prerequisites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Before signing Windows executables, you need:<\/p>\n<h3>1. A Windows Code-Signing Certificate<\/h3>\n<p>Options:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Import an External Code-Signing Certificate (from DigiCert, Sectigo, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Issue certificates internally via ACM Private CA<\/li>\n<li>Use existing certificates in your organization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Create a Signing Profile in AWS Signer<\/h3>\n<p>A signing profile defines:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What platform you are signing for<\/li>\n<li>What signing certificate to use<\/li>\n<li>What hash algorithms are allowed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. S3 Buckets<\/h3>\n<p>You need:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Input bucket \u2192 store unsigned binaries<\/li>\n<li>Output bucket \u2192 store signed binaries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step-by-Step_Signing_Windows_Binaries_with_AWS_Signer\"><\/span>Step-by-Step: Signing Windows Binaries with AWS Signer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>Step 1 \u2014 Create or Import a Signing Certificate<\/h3>\n<p>If you are using a certificate from DigiCert \/ Sectigo:<\/p>\n<pre><code>aws signer put-signing-profile \r\n    --profile-name WinCodeSignProfile \r\n    --signing-material certificateArn=arn:aws:acm:us-east-1:111122223333:certificate\/abcd1234 \r\n    --platform-id \"AWSWindowsCodeSigning\"\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>If using ACM PCA, issue a certificate using the public key AWS Signer manages.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 2 \u2014 Create a Signing Profile<\/h3>\n<pre><code>aws signer put-signing-profile \r\n    --profile-name WindowsCodeSign \r\n    --platform-id AWSWindowsCodeSigning \r\n    --signing-material certificateArn=arn:aws:acm:us-east-1:111122223333:certificate\/abcd-1234 \r\n    --signature-validity period=365,type=DAYS\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Confirm the profile exists:<\/p>\n<pre><code>aws signer list-signing-profiles\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Step 3 \u2014 Upload the Unsigned Binary to S3<\/h3>\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n<pre><code>aws s3 cp MyApp.exe s3:\/\/my-code-signing-input\/MyApp.exe\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Step 4 \u2014 Start a Signing Job<\/h3>\n<pre><code>aws signer start-signing-job \r\n    --profile-name WindowsCodeSign \r\n    --source s3={bucketName=my-code-signing-input,key=MyApp.exe} \r\n    --destination s3={bucketName=my-code-signing-output,prefix=signed\/}\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>This returns a JSON response:<\/p>\n<pre><code>{\r\n  \"jobId\": \"123abcde-456f-7890-1122-334455667788\"\r\n}\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Step 5 \u2014 Check Signing Job Status<\/h3>\n<pre><code>aws signer describe-signing-job --job-id 123abcde-456f-7890-1122-334455667788\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Look for:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\"status\": \"Succeeded\"\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Step 6 \u2014 Download the Signed Windows Binary<\/h3>\n<pre><code>aws s3 cp s3:\/\/my-code-signing-output\/signed\/MyApp.exe .\/MyApp-signed.exe\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verifying_the_Signature_on_Windows\"><\/span>Verifying the Signature on Windows<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>Using signtool.exe<\/h3>\n<pre><code>signtool verify \/pa \/v MyApp-signed.exe\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Expected output:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Successfully verified: MyApp-signed.exe\r\n Signer Certificate: CN=YourCompany\r\n Timestamp: Valid\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Using PowerShell<\/h3>\n<pre><code>Get-AuthenticodeSignature MyApp-signed.exe\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Output example:<\/p>\n<pre><code>Status: Valid\r\nSignerCertificate: CN=YourCompany\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CICD_Integration_Examples\"><\/span>CI\/CD Integration Examples<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>GitHub Actions Example<\/h3>\n<pre><code>name: Sign Binary\r\n\r\non: [push]\r\n\r\njobs:\r\n  sign:\r\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\r\n    steps:\r\n      - name: Checkout\r\n        uses: actions\/checkout@v3\r\n\r\n      - name: Upload unsigned binary\r\n        run: aws s3 cp build\/MyApp.exe s3:\/\/my-code-signing-input\/\r\n\r\n      - name: Start signing job\r\n        id: sign\r\n        run: |\r\n          JOB=$(aws signer start-signing-job \r\n            --profile-name WindowsCodeSign \r\n            --source s3={bucketName=my-code-signing-input,key=MyApp.exe} \r\n            --destination s3={bucketName=my-code-signing-output,prefix=signed\/})\r\n          echo \"jobid=$(echo $JOB | jq -r '.jobId')\" &gt;&gt; $GITHUB_OUTPUT\r\n\r\n      - name: Wait for signing job to finish\r\n        run: |\r\n          aws signer wait successful-signing-job \r\n            --job-id ${{ steps.sign.outputs.jobid }}\r\n\r\n      - name: Download signed binary\r\n        run: aws s3 cp s3:\/\/my-code-signing-output\/signed\/MyApp.exe MyApp-signed.exe\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>AWS CodeBuild Example<\/h3>\n<p><code>buildspec.yml<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code>version: 0.2\r\n\r\nphases:\r\n  build:\r\n    commands:\r\n      - aws s3 cp MyApp.exe s3:\/\/my-code-signing-input\/\r\n      - &gt;\r\n        JOBID=$(aws signer start-signing-job\r\n        --profile-name WindowsCodeSign\r\n        --source s3={bucketName=my-code-signing-input,key=MyApp.exe}\r\n        --destination s3={bucketName=my-code-signing-output,prefix=signed\/}\r\n        --query jobId --output text)\r\n      - aws signer wait successful-signing-job --job-id $JOBID\r\n      - aws s3 cp s3:\/\/my-code-signing-output\/signed\/MyApp.exe .\/MyApp-signed.exe\r\n\r\nartifacts:\r\n  files:\r\n    - MyApp-signed.exe\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Troubleshooting_Common_Issues\"><\/span>Troubleshooting Common Issues<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-bordered mb-3\">\n<thead class=\"table-dark\">\n<tr>\n<th>Issue<\/th>\n<th>Cause<\/th>\n<th>Fix<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Certificate not trusted<\/td>\n<td>Certificate not from a trusted CA<\/td>\n<td>Use DigiCert\/Sectigo or install internal CA root<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Signature missing timestamp<\/td>\n<td>TSA not configured<\/td>\n<td>Use AWS Signer\u2014they add RFC3161 timestamps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>signing-profile not found<\/td>\n<td>Wrong profile name<\/td>\n<td>Run <code>aws signer list-signing-profiles<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AccessDenied<\/td>\n<td>IAM lacks permission<\/td>\n<td>Add <code>signer:*<\/code> &amp; <code>kms:Sign<\/code> permissions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IAM_Policies_Required\"><\/span>IAM Policies Required<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Assign these roles to CI\/CD or developer IAM roles:<\/p>\n<h3>Signer permissions<\/h3>\n<pre><code>{\r\n  \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\r\n  \"Action\": [\r\n    \"signer:StartSigningJob\",\r\n    \"signer:GetSigningProfile\",\r\n    \"signer:DescribeSigningJob\"\r\n  ],\r\n  \"Resource\": \"*\"\r\n}\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>KMS permissions<\/h3>\n<pre><code>{\r\n  \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\r\n  \"Action\": [\r\n    \"kms:Sign\",\r\n    \"kms:GetPublicKey\"\r\n  ],\r\n  \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:111122223333:key\/*\"\r\n}\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>S3 permissions<\/h3>\n<pre><code>{\r\n  \"Effect\": \"Allow\",\r\n  \"Action\": [\"s3:GetObject\", \"s3:PutObject\"],\r\n  \"Resource\": \"arn:aws:s3:::my-code-signing-*\/*\"\r\n}\r\n  <\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Best_Practices_for_Secure_Code_Signing\"><\/span>Best Practices for Secure Code Signing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Use separate profiles for dev, staging, production<\/li>\n<li>Never store certificates or PFX locally<\/li>\n<li>Use KMS key rotation (manual for asymmetric keys)<\/li>\n<li>Restrict <code>signer:StartSigningJob<\/code> to CI\/CD roles<\/li>\n<li>Enable CloudTrail for auditing signing operations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Closing_Thoughts\"><\/span>Closing Thoughts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\n    AWS Signer + KMS gives you a secure, scalable, and fully automated way to sign Windows binaries without ever exposing<br \/>\n    your private key, avoiding PFX distribution risks and strengthening your supply-chain security posture.\n  <\/p>\n<p>This workflow supports:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Automated CI\/CD signing<\/li>\n<li>Enterprise compliance<\/li>\n<li>Cryptographic protection against tampering<\/li>\n<li>Scalable multi-team usage<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 mt-5 mb-4\">\n<h4 class=\"text-primary mb-4 pb-2 border-bottom\">Related Articles<\/h4>\n<div class=\"row g-4\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Code signing is a non-negotiable requirement for distributing Windows executables. Whether you&#8217;re publishing an installer, distributing internal enterprise tools, or deploying signed binaries for CI\/CD, Windows requires Authenticode signatures to establish trust and prevent tampering.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":[],"resources_category":[50],"class_list":["post-173","resources","type-resources","status-publish","hentry","resources_category-code-signing-security"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Sign Windows Binaries Using AWS KMS &amp; AWS Signer (Step-by-Step Guide)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to securely sign Windows EXE\/MSI files using AWS KMS and AWS Signer. 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